H Pylori gastritis

Helicobacter Pylori Slender curved rods with polar flagella ( Rapidly motile due to the action of flagella ) Gram negative, Only human bacteria to persistently inhabit the gastric mucus. Cannot
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Pathology of β-thalassemia

β Thalassemia Hemolytic anemia due to deficient synthesis of β globin chains. Molecular basis of β Thalassemia majority of the mutations are point mutations. The mutations are of two types βo
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Pathology of Alpha Thalassemia

Thalassemia Genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by germline mutations that reduce -globin or -globin synthesis,  which leads to anemia, tissue hypoxia, and red cell hemolysis. All the
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Pathology of G6PD deficiency

G6PD Deficiency Let us undestand the functions of  red blood cell first ! The important function  of RBC is binding, transport and deliver of oxygen to all tissues. This is possible when rbc's are
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Pathology of Hereditary Spherocytosis

Hereditary Spherocytosis( HS) Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a genetic condition brought on by intrinsic defect in the red cell membrane which make red blood cells spheroid, less flexible, and
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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia & cervical cancer

Cervical Cancer Worldwide, cervical carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in women. Most important factor in the development of cervical cancer- High-risk HPVs Human papilloma virus; DNA Virus,
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Alcoholic liver disease: Morphology, Clinical features & Complications

Alcoholic liver disease: Morphology, Clinical features & Complications ALCOHOLIC STEATOSIS- FATTY LIVER Gross: Size- enlarged Capsule: stretched Margins: round Color: yellowish gray The cut
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Alcoholic liver disease: Types & Pathogenesis

ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE Excessive alcohol (ethanol) consumption is a major cause of liver disease and accounts for 5.9% of deaths globally. It leads to death and disability earlier in life than other
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