SEMINOMA- TESTIS

Seminomas are the most common testicular germ cell tumors accounting to around 50 % of the germ cell tumors. Seminomas are are histologically identical to ovarian dysgerminomas and germinomas, which
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GIANT CELL TUMOR- BONE

GIANT CELL TUMOR- BONE Giant cell tumor (GCT) also referred to as osteoclastoma is a locally aggressive neoplasm characterized by large numbers of osteoclast-type giant cells, uniformly distributed in
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TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS

It is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node with the presence of caseation necrosis. It is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the most common
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CHRONIC VENOUS CONGESTION – LUNG

Congestion Versus Hyperemia Congestion: it is a passive process which results due to impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue Should not be confused with hyperemia. Hyperemia is an active
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ACTINOMYCOSIS

Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative granulomatous inflammation caused by Actinomyces israelli. Actinomyces israelli is a filamentous gram positive organism of genus Actinobacteria. It is a normal
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RHINOSCLEROMA

Rhinoscleroma is an infectious  chronic granulomatous disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by Klebsiella. rhinoscleromatis. Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis  is an immotile, short, encapsulated,
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RHINOSPORIDIOSIS

Rhinospoiridiosis It is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which belong to class Mesomycetozoea . Mesomycetozoea, are new group of microorganisms which lie in between
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GALL STONES/CHOLELITHIASIS: pathogenesis

Gall stones: Stones in the gall bladder. As simple as that! Also referred to as cholelithiasis, which is a Greek term when split it reads as chol- (bile) + lith- (stone) + -iasis (process). Basially,
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