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What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. It causes inflammation, leading to joint pain, swelling, and eventually joint damage

Why do autoimmune diseases develop? Autoimmune diseases develop when there is an imbalance between the activation of lymphocytes (immune cells) and the mechanisms that keep them from attacking the

What is an autoimmune disease? An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. This happens due to an immune reaction against self-antigens. When can a

What is hyperaldosteronism? Hyperaldosteronism is a condition characterized by excessive production of aldosterone, a steroid hormone responsible for regulating sodium and potassium levels, and thus

What is Cushing's syndrome? Cushing's syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a condition characterized by an excess of cortisol in the body. It can arise from various causes, leading to

What is Type III hypersensitivity? Type III hypersensitivity, also known as immune complex hypersensitivity, is an immune response that involves the formation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody

What is Type II Hypersensitivity? Type II hypersensitivity, also known as antibody-mediated hypersensitivity, involves the immune system's response where antibodies interact antigens attached to cell

What is metaplasia? Metaplasia is a reversible cellular adaptation in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type. This change occurs in response to